Lynx in National Park Bavarian Forest By Aconcagua (Own work), GFDL or CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. not transected by roads, and sufficient prey. Hunting and Diet: Like the Canadian Lynx, the mainstay of this Lynx’s diet is the rabbit. Lynx populations decrease when wolves appear in a region and are likely to take smaller prey where wolves are active. The Eurasian Lynx is a solitary, medium-sized predator. By the 1950s, it had become extinct in most of Western and Central Europe, where only scattered and isolated populations exist today. It was reintroduced to the Bavarian Forest and the Harz in the 1990s; other areas were populated by lynx immigrating from neighboring France and the Czech Republic. Hunting lynx is illegal in many range countries, with the exception of Estonia, Latvia, Russia, Armenia and Iraq. The den is abandoned two to three months after the kittens are born, but the young typically remain with their mother until they are around ten months of age. It lives solitarily as an adult. It does also possess a short "bobbed" tail with an all-black tip, black tufts of hair on its ears, and a long grey-and-white ruff. [62], The main method of hunting is stalking, sneaking and jumping on prey, although they are also ambush predators when conditions are suitable. The Eurasian lynx has a wide range, extending across Europe, central Asia (it is distributed across the entire Tibetan plateau), Siberia and East Asia. Depending on the locality, this may include rocky-steppe, mixed forest-steppe, boreal forest, and montane forest ecosystems. [2], Felis lynx was the scientific name used in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus in his work Systema Naturae. [47] Lynx were not found in the sympatrically occurring wolves' diet,[48] however, lynxes themseles were the predator of golden jackals, red foxes, martens, domestic cats and dogs. The underparts of the animal, including the neck and chin, are white at all times of the year. [14], The Eurasian lynx was exterminated in the French Alps in the early 20th century. Depending on the locality, this may include rocky-steppe, mixed forest-steppe, boreal forest, and montane forest ecosystems. The Eurasian lynx targets mainly ungulate prey, and in western Europe it primarily takes roe deer (Capreolus capreolus).It is an ambush predator, stalking its prey using the cover of its forest habitat until it is close enough to make a kill after a few bounds. Most Eurasian lynx (almost 90%) live in Russia. The tail measures 11 to 24.5 cm (4.3 to 9.6 in) in length. [6], In the Mediterranean mixed forest-steppe and subalpine ecosystems of Anatolia the main and most preferred prey of the Eurasian lynx is European hare, forming 79% to 99% of prey biomass eaten. It does not appear to be able to control its reproductive behaviour based on prey availability. In winter certain snow conditions make this harder and the animal may be forced to switch to larger prey in Europe. Under these circumstances, lynx faced severe declines during the 20th century in ecosystems such as the Alps, Jura and Dinaric Mountains, where it become locally extinct. [10] As with other cats, its scent marks may consist of faeces, urine, or scrape marks,[54] with the former often being left in prominent locations along the boundary of the hunting territory. [6], The Eurasian lynx was once quite common in most of continental Europe. There are no known instances of lynx preying on a wolverine. At birth, Eurasian lynx kittens weigh 240 to 430 g (8.5 to 15.2 oz) and open after ten to twelve days. Gestation lasts from 67 to 74 days. In Finland, about 2,200–2,300 individuals were present according to a 2009 estimate. In the 19th century the geographic range of the Iberian lynx included Spain, Portugal, and parts of southern France. Efforts are currently underway to reintroduce the Eurasian lynx in various European countries. Although listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, the Eurasian Lynx is endangered in several countries like Croatia, Macedonia, Albania and Slovenia. [61], Eurasian lynx scat found in Dolpa District in the Nepal Himalayas contained remains of woolly hare Lepus oiostolus, pika Ochotona, Alticola, Himalayan marmot Marmota himalayana and domestic goat Capra aegagrus hircus. They live in temperate broadleaf boreal or mixed forests with lots of undergrowth for cover. In the United Kingdom, the Eurasian lynx is extirpated since the Middle Ages. It tends to be less common where grey wolf is abundant, and wolves have been reported to attack and even eat lynx. Mating and Reproduction. Eurasian lynx are secretive, and because the sounds they make are very quiet and seldom heard, their presence in an area may go unnoticed for years. [47] In ten other study sites in the Black Sea region of northern Anatolia where roe deer can occur in high densities, lynx occurrence is positively correlated with European hare occurrence rather than roe deer. Of the four lynx species, Eurasian lynx are the largest and it is found across most of Central Asia, Russia, China, and Eastern Europe. A very powerful predator, these lynxes have successfully killed adult deer weighing to at least 150 kg (330 lb).[63]. The Eurasian lynx has a polygynous mating system meaning the males mate with more than one female per breeding season that starts in January and lasts until April. The Lynx is a small sized animal (class 3). [11], Sarıkamış-Allahuekber Mountains National Park, Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group", "Cryptic population structure in a large, mobile mammalian predator: the Scandinavian lynx", "Sustainably harvesting a large carnivore? In Sweden, out of 33 deaths of lynx of a population being observed, one was probably killed by a wolverine. The den is lined with feathers, deer hair, and dry grass to provide bedding for the young. In India: Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh and most other Himalayan states. By 1996, the lynx population was estimated to comprise 410 Individuals, decreased to less than 260 individuals in 2004 and increased since 2005 to about 452 mature individuals by 2008. Since no archaeological evidence after the Yayoi period was found, it was probably eradicated during the Jōmon period. [58] Lynx in Anatolia also has physiological requirements and morphological adjustments similar to other lagomorph specialists, with a daily prey intake of about 900 g (32 oz). Although spots tend to be more numerous in animals from southern populations, Eurasian lynx with heavily spotted fur may exist close to others with plain fur. Since the 1990s people try to move part of the population of the Eurasian lynx to Germany. [17] Number of lynx is greatly reduced due to poaching (because of the fur that is highly appreciated in the fashion industry). [15] The Eurasian lynx is a lynx species native to Europe and Asia. The Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx has long, thick, light-colored fur that is silky in the winter and shorter, thinner, and darker-colored in the summer. Some Eurasian lynx have also been found in the Balkan peninsula. Currently there are approximately 2,800 living in the Carpathian Mountains and 2,000 living in Romania. [51] It is also present above elevations of 3,800 m (12,500 ft) in Humla, Mustang and Dolpa Districts. Lynx is a member of the cat family. [47] Sometimes, Siberian tigers have also preyed on lynxes, as evidenced by examination of tiger stomach contents. Either L. issiodorensis or Issior Lynx is considered to be the ancestor of all Eurasian Lynxes. [6], Eurasian lynx in Europe, prey largely on small to fairly large sized mammals and birds. [18], The Eurasian lynx was exterminated in Germany in 1850. They are found in large number across Europe and Asia. Appearance: Appearance varies on the species of lynx. The increasing urbanization of western Europe, and the resulting loss of habitat and diminished prey base, have led to a severe reduction of the Eurasian Lynx population there. The Eurasian lynx is so-called because it has been found in forests that stretch from Europe to central Asia, thus distinguishing it as the widest-ranging cat on our planet. By 2010, the Alpine lynx population comprised about 120–150 individuals ranging over 27,800 km2 (10,700 sq mi) in six sub-areas. [56] Eurasian lynx also feeds on carrion when available. Males tend to hunt over much larger areas than females, which tend to occupy exclusive, rather than overlapping, hunting ranges. [3] [47][48], In Central Asia, it is native to Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and the Chinese provinces of Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Shaanxi, as well as to the northern slopes of Iran's Alborz Mountains, and Mongolia.[2]. Eurasian lynx reach sexual maturity at two or three years, and have lived for twenty one years in captivity. Lynxes prefer to live in higher altitudes, typically in mountain ranges. The Eurasian lynx can travel up to 20 km (12 mi) during one night, although about half this distance is more typical. An Eurasian Lynx is capable of taking down prey four times larger than its size. 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